The recent prehistoric archaeological investigations carried out in the Musala River, a major tributary of the Baitarani River, brought to light some new sites of Mesolithic and Neolithic culture. The fieldwork suggests that the sites bearing a rich haul of stone artefacts have similar affinities with stone tool artefacts recovered from other river valleys of Odisha. During field study along the left bank of the Musala River, it was noticed that microlithic tool assemblages from one locality and neolithic tools from the adjoining area. Like the left bank, the right bank of the Musala River also offers evidence of microlithic artefacts. The neolithic site at Kolimati Locality-II is unique in that it yielded a polished stone celt manufacturing site with evidence of different types and shapes of celts with ample evidence of raw material sourced from the nearby localities. The earliest human existence in this area can be traced back to the Upper Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and even Neolithic periods.

Keywords: Microlithic, Primitive, Assemblages, Palaeolithic, Artefacts, Polished Stone Celts, Fluvial, Pleistocene, Holocene

Though culture should not have any gender bias, it is often witnessed that culture does have gender association imbibed within it. Museum, a social institution by default, being the custodian of the relics of cultural heritage also reflects the gender discrimination prevailing in the society. This paper tries to illustrate, in brief, the gender leniency in cultural diversity with examples from the museum collections. In the process, the paper deals with the gamut of the issues of historical perspectives of women’s rights concerning culture and cultural practices, gender perception in the collection process, the role of women in the museums, etc. A few suggestions are also forwarded for correcting the gender balance. An exhaustive bibliography has also been provided at the end.

Keywords: Museum, Museology, Material Culture, Cultural Diversity, Human Right Instruments, Gender & Culture.

The Keeladi archaeological excavation, a significant site in Tamil Nadu, India, is presented in detail historically in this study. The discovery’s significance, historical significance, and effect on our comprehension of ancient Indian civilizations are all covered in this article. To understand the site’s urban nature, well-designed streets, drainage systems, and residential structures, the research recounts the site’s discovery in 2015 and following methodical excavations. The results disprove prior theories regarding the age and cultural sophistication of South Indian prehistoric communities and close the gap between literary texts and archaeological evidence. Additionally, the study covers the items, ceramics, and inscriptions discovered, offering insights into trade connections, social and cultural activities, urban design, and language growth throughout the Sangam era. Overall, the Keeladi excavation has been an important step in understanding Tamil Nadu’s and India’s pasts, adding to our knowledge of early Indian history and the interconnectedness of ancient civilizations. For the benefit of future generations, India’s cultural heritage is being preserved and honoured via continuous research at Keeladi.

Keywords: Keeladi, archaeological, excavation, Historical, significance, Cultural heritage.

The Ziro valley, a picturesque plateau located in the Lower Subansiri district, Arunachal Pradesh is lush with forests and hills through which the Subansiri river flows. It is inhabited by the Apatani ethnic group of people who have a unique culture marked by different festivals, bamboo crafts and spiritual customs. Unlike the slash-and-burn cultivation practised by other ethnic groups of this region, the Apatanis have been following for generations a wet rice agricultural system. Mixed cropping of rice with millet combined with the culturing of fish in the stagnant rice field water practised by the Apatanis is an example of energy efficiency and sustainable land use. The Apatanis worship Nature and are skilled in using the wildly growing bamboo in the valley for constructing their homes, fences, and furniture. The Ziro Valley represents a successful system of coexistence of humans and environment founded by traditional practices and reverence for nature and is currently in UNESCO’s tentative list to be named a world heritage site.

Keywords: Arunachal Pradesh, Apatani, Jhum cultivation, Bamboo, Rice cultivation, Indigenous knowledge

Yoga can reduce anxiety and depression. Many colleges and universities and Libraries now offer yoga courses, which are welcomed by students. As the safest and most effective fitness exercise, yoga has always been popular among people. Even a beginner with no foundation can practice yoga safely. Nowadays, many colleges, Libraries and universities randomly find a classroom as a training venue and there are many students. This paper evaluates that Yoga classes in Libraries are attracting more and more students because they are very suitable for students to practice. This article discussed the importance of yoga and meditation in a student’s life, and how would this practice further help in an Academic Library profession and has finally discussed the experience concerning yoga courses in the Library as a part of the Continuing Education and Extension service.

Keywords: Yoga, Education, Libraries, Academic Institutions.

Human civilization has evolved since one lakh years before. It is very difficult to take any conclusion on the date of the beginning of the human being in the world. According to the theory of Charles Darwin man is the descendant of a monkey. If we consider that the present hominid is an evolution of the indigenous life. Then every aspect of the present belief and practices has come out from the indigenous people. In every corner of the world, there exist a few indigenous groups which still believe in their rites and rituals. Odisha is one of the largest inhabitation of indigenous people in India. Odisha is the largest group of tribal inhabited in India, and the second populated tribal state after Madhya Pradesh. Among the 62 tribal groups, the Savara tribe is one of the ancient primitive tribes that still existed in Odisha, which is reflected in the various ancient Hindu scriptures. The tribe is at present inhabited in the foothills of Mahendragiri mountain of Eastern Ghat and it sounding mountain ranges of Eastern Ghats. The indigenous people still struggle for their existence in the present society they have their own beliefs, religion, and customs which are still prevalent among the community. The primitive society inhabited in south Odisha, which is now due to globalization, modernization, Christianization, and Sanskritization impacts many changes taking place but there is some indigenous practices are still cultured.

To understand the beliefs and rituals we should focus on their practices such as Animism and natural worship, Ancestor worship, festivals and celebrations, shamanism and healing practices and rites and passage.

Keywords: Indigenous, ancestor, culture, ritual, animism, shamanism