The Salandi River Valley is famous for its remarkable antiquities and religious sanctuaries in the northern part of Odisha. Like the other river valleys of Odisha, the Salandi River Valley has also produced an excellent trend of architectural and sculptural activities in Odisha and Eastern India. Many images of various sects were noticed in the different parts of the Salandi River Valley. Hence, the Salandi River Valley is a major attraction for scholars. The present work highlights the detailed description of some Brahminical, Buddhist, and Jaina sculptural and architectural remains recovered from the different parts of the Salandi river valley, particularly in the Hatadihi and Khaira blocks of Keonjhar and Baleswar districts. The extant sculptural remains discovered in the Salandi River valley region were produced by artists belonging to the Kalinga School of Eastern India. The unique images identified from this region embody the iconographic characteristics of classical Odishan art, reflecting both early medieval and medieval periods.

Keywords: Iconography, Brahminical, Surya, Ornamentation, Brahminical, Polyreligious, Landscape, Tradition and Manifestation etc.

The Abbasid dinar, a striking gold coin from the Islamic Golden Age, epitomizes the era’s economic vitality and artistic sophistication, reflecting the profound influence of the Abbasid Caliphate across the medieval world. Eight valuable, unpublished gold coins from this dynasty, preserved in the collection of the Bangladesh National Museum, hold significant historical value. Discovered in the Chandpur and Brahmanbaria districts near the Samatata archaeological site in 1996 and 2002, these coins are not detailed in the museum‘s inventory beyond their discovery and acquisition history. This study reveals key details such as their issuing authority, year of issuance, mint name, metal composition, measurements, and inscriptions that promote Islamic monotheism and praise the Prophet Muhammad. Analyzing the inscriptions on these coins, the study briefly highlights the distinctive features of Abbasid gold coins. These coins represent as essential artifacts in the history of early Arabs and ancient Bengal, prominently featuring commercial symbols. Indirect references in the historical texts from Arab-Persian geographers suggest that Bengal was a flourishing commercial hub in ancient time and well-integrated into maritime trade networks with early Arab merchants. The archaeological evidence of their trading interactions is substantiated by these gold coins, illustrating the extent of this relation spanning from the eighth to the tenth centuries. This article aims to provide meticulous identification of these coins, analyze their inscriptions and examine their historical significance in the context of early Arab-Bengal trade relations. In pursuit of these goals, the study employs a qualitative methodology with a numismatic approach, supplemented by historical data from primary and secondary sources.

Keywords: Bangladesh National Museum; Abbasid Coin; Bengal; Samandar; Early Arab- Bengal Trade.

Pottery uniquely represents the traditions and emotions of the communities that produce and use it. This power to reflect social activities has elevated the value of pottery. Despite being the most commonly recovered cultural material from any archaeological site in Bangladesh, the research on pottery remains inadequate. There have been various ethnological, typological investigations in terms of form, colour, texture, decoration, etc. On the other hand, there is a scarcity of scientific studies focused on the ancient pottery of Bangladesh. Only a handful of petrological and mineralogical research studies have been conducted thus far, offering limited insight and attention to the raw materials, manufacturing techniques, pyro technology, slipping techniques, surface coating, provenance study and other aspects of pottery. This article gives a summary of the pottery research carried out recently in Bangladesh using scientific approaches, emphasizing the information gathered on pottery’s raw materials, organic or inorganic inclusions, pyro technique, provenance and additional relevant issues.

Keywords: Scientific, Technology, Bangladesh, Pottery, Petrology, Mineralogy.

India has been amazing diversity and rich natural resources. Bounded by the Himalayan mountain range in the north and surrounded by three seas, India has been a stunning coastline. The rich in landscapes, beautiful historical sites and royal cities, beaches, misty mountain retreats, diverse people, rich cultures and festivals have been conducting. India could be offers you amazing destinations and experiences at any time of the year. In summer, when the subcontinent is sizzling, there are spectacular retreats amidst the heady beauty of the Himalayas or the lush green heights of the Western Ghats with cool trekking trails, tall peaks to conquer stretches of white water for the adventure seekers.

In the cool of an Indian winter, cities come alive with cultural feasts of music and dance. The balmy weather is an ideal time for you to visit India hopping through romantic cities studded with ancient and medieval forts and palaces. The sun-drenched
beaches are inviting and wildlife sanctuaries with their abundance of flora and fauna are abuzz with the nurture of the young.

Anthropology is the scientific study of humans ,their societies,cultures and development.It seeks to understand the diversity of human experiences across time and space.It also examines aspects such as biology, language ,behavior ,beliefs and social structure.

Anthropology and the environment are deeply connected as anthropology often explores how human societies interact with shape and are influenced by their natural surroundings. This relationship is central to understanding human adaptation, cultural practices and the impact of environmental changes on societies over time. Here are some key areas where anthropology and the environment interact.

The quest for God has been a central theme in human spirituality, manifesting in various religious and philosophical traditions through the ages. Spiritualism is part and parcel of human life. This paper explores the universal pursuit of the divine through the lens of Kabir and the existence of ‘Kabir’ in different literature. Though he was a 15th-century Indian mystic-poet, and his connections to Hindu religious scriptures is more or less dedicated to his work too. The quest for spirituality is a timeless journey that transcends cultures and religions. Among the mystical figures of India, Kabir stands out for his profound teachings that bridge Hinduism and Islam. While Kabir is revered as a saint and poet, his deification as “Kabir Parmeshwar” (Kabir as God) remains a topic of theological debate. This paper explores the concept of Kabir as a divine figure within the framework of Hindu scriptures and traditions, analyzing understand from his followers and mainstream Hindu thought. It aims to examine the spiritual underpinnings of this belief and its place in the broader quest for spiritual understanding of human mind.

The Asiatic Society is the oldest Centre of learning and research in the whole continent of Asia which was established in 1784 at the opening of its Founder President Sir William Jones. The Asiatic Society of Bengal, established in 1784 by Sir William Jones, stands as an enduring testament to the power of scholarship and the relentless pursuit of knowledge. Founded during the British colonial period in Calcutta, India, the society has grown into one of the oldest and most esteemed learned institutions in South Asia. This abstract explores the historical significance and lasting legacy of the society, highlighting its pivotal role in fostering intellectual exchange and advancing understanding across diverse fields of study. Through its commitment to scholarly inquiry, the Asiatic Society of Bengal has made profound contributions to linguistics, history, archaeology, and natural sciences. By promoting cross-cultural dialogue and collaboration, it has enriched our understanding of South Asian civilization and underscored the transformative potential of rigorous academic pursuit. As a beacon of enlightenment, the society continues to inspire generations of scholars and exemplify the enduring power of knowledge.

Keywords: cultural, antiquities, archaeological, dissemination, envisioned.
Orientalist: An Orientalist is a scholar or individual with a particular interest in studying and interpreting the cultures, languages, and societies of the East, often from a Western perspective shaped by historical colonial attitudes and biases.
Antiquities: Antiquities are ancient artifacts or remnants from past civilizations that hold historical, cultural, or archaeological significance, often studied to understand the complexities of earlier societies.
Philology: Philology is the study of language in written historical sources, encompassing aspects such as language structure, historical development, and linguistic evolution, often involving the analysis of written texts to understand their context, meaning, and linguistic characteristics.

The complex interplay between the Dravidian and the Aryan religions and traditions in the ancient India has stressed on their distinctive theological frameworks, ritual practises, sociocultural roles and even their eventual convergence. Aryan religion, which is deeply rooted in the Vedic philosophy has stressed on the cosmic order(rta), hierarchical priesthood and sacrificial rituals or Yajna, which has gradually evolved into the textual orthodoxy and dharmic law. On the other hand, the Dravidian religious culture prioritized the emotional devotional or Bhakti, folk theism, goddess worship and community-based rituals which are deep rooted in the temple space and agrarian life. Taking notes from the archaeological evidence, textual analysis
and ethnographic studies, the scholar is trying to highlight the historical overlaps such as the Indus Valley and Painted Grey Ware cultures along with the theological syncretism which was found in the deities like Murugan/Skanda. The researcher also further discusses on how the technological developments particularly in the fields like agriculture, which has catalysed the evolution of the ritual forms and the sacred architecture. By examining the figures such as Alvars and Nayanars and also the institutions like Mariamman temples we can clearly understand how the Dravidian religiosity profoundly shaped the South Indian spirituality. Finaly the researcher is trying to understand whether the Dravidian and the Aryan traditions were binary opposites or the dynamic forces of mutual influences that has co-created a pluralistic and integrative Hindu religious landscape of the present-day India.

Keywords: Indian Subcontinent, Dravidians, Aryans, Theological convergence.